Newport-When Dr. David Jesse Deyle was a graduate student at Brigham Young University, a colleague shared a party trick. Someone put water in a glass bottle and quickly hit the top of the bottle, and the bottom of the bottle shattered .

This aroused Daily's interest.

Now, he is a mechanical engineer in the Sensor and Sonar Systems Division of the Newport Naval Underwater Warfare Center Division. He uses a high-speed camera to capture the moment of impact. He observed bubbles at the bottom of the bottle due to the impact, and the bursting of these bubbles caused the bottle to burst.

"The impact creates a unique type of cavitation based on acceleration, which occurs when a liquid suddenly accelerates and becomes a vapor state-considered a bubble," Daily said. "The bursting of cavitation bubbles is what caused the bottle to burst."

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In the end, this research prompted Daily to design a football helmet that can reduce the frontal impact and reduce the incidence of concussions.

Daily built a special Sudden Motion Activated Cavitation (SMAC) tube, allowing him to test his theory and application of acceleration-based cavitation.

In part of his doctoral thesis, Daily derived a new cavitation number based on acceleration. He completed this work in graduate school, and a few years later, he presented his work on the informal "Intellectual Story Time" of the Newport branch as a solution to the problem that needed to be solved.

After the speech, he began to work with Dr. Jesse Belden and Aren Hellum of the Department of Undersea Warfare Weapons, Vehicles and Defense Systems to study the possible applications of this acceleration-based cavitation.

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During acceleration-based cavitation, the kinetic energy of the impact is transferred to the cavitation bubble until the bubble reaches its maximum size. Then the cavitation bubbles begin to collapse and convert their energy back to kinetic energy, re-accelerating the bottle. The whole process takes 5 to 20 milliseconds.

When applied to objects like football helmets, cavitation devices (such as pipes filled with water) may reduce the severity of impact and may reduce the severity of traumatic brain injury. Check the common impact locations on football players' helmets every day. These positions vary depending on the player's position.

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Daily's helmets are designed to reduce the most frequent frontal impact on linebackers. The cavitation tube can extend the overall duration of the shock by 20%, theoretically allowing the cerebrospinal fluid to buffer the brain more effectively and prevent traumatic brain injury.

A common cause of injury is that the head suddenly bounces back and then swings forward, causing the brain to hit the front of the skull, then rebound and hit the back of the skull. This impact, called the "coup counterattack", is believed to be one of the causes of the concussion.

Daily's "stationary cavitation" device may slow down and alleviate these effects, thereby reducing the incidence of concussions. Although the cavitation feature on the helmet will not eliminate the impact of impact, as a compact passive device, it can reduce the impact to a certain extent. This kind of cavitation device can add enough extra protection to change the rules of the game.

Daily's research has three different goals:

• Understand the physics and how the effects of acceleration are prolonged by cavitation

• Understand potential applications (for example, adding a water-filled tube to a football helmet)

• Understanding of industrial applications (for example, adding cavitation chambers to traditional shock absorbers)

Part of his static cavitation work has been patented, and Daily hopes to continue this research in the future.

"I want to build more cavitation prototypes to study the potential of reducing traumatic brain injury and using cavitation in various automotive and safety applications," Daily said.

This article originally appeared on Newport Daily News: NUWC Newport engineer David Daily makes a safer football helmet

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